‹ Intel Corporation
Ch 3 · The Eroded Moat
Chapter 3 · Competitive Position
Two moats. Both leaking. The fight is to rebuild them.
Intel was the only company that designed *and* built leading-edge chips. AMD broke the first moat. TSMC broke the second.
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✦ The bottom line
Intel's gross margin was 60% in 2023. It's 35% now. The margin tells you the moat — and it's been cut nearly in half.
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✦ Teach me
Pricing power, eroding
Gross margin is the clearest signal of pricing power. When a company can charge premium prices because nothing else compares, gross margin stays high. When competitors catch up — or surpass them — gross margin gets squeezed. Intel's gross margin going from 60¢ to 35¢ in three years isn't normal. It's a structural shift — telling you the company is now the price-taker, not the price-maker, across most of its product lines.
Wall Street calls this
Gross margin / moat erosion
Watch gross margin every quarter. If it starts climbing back, the foundry bet is working and pricing power is returning. If it stays in the 30s, the comeback is harder than management is signaling.
Cents kept per dollar of sales · full year 2025
35
¢
Up from 33¢ in 2024 — but down from 40¢ in 2023 and from 60¢ as recently as 2018. The slow march downward is what the foundry bet is supposed to reverse.
Source · 10-K · Consolidated Results — Cost of Sales (Revenue $52.85B; COS $34.48B) · FY2025 · Filed Jan 30, 2026
35¢ on the dollar is the industry-average gross margin for a chipmaker. The problem: Intel was never an industry-average chipmaker. They were the premium one. Looking at the three major US chip companies side by side shows the gap that opened up — and where Intel sits in the new pecking order.
Gross margin · the three big US chip rivals
Cents kept per dollar of sales — full year 2025
Nvidia
75¢
AMD
50¢
Intel
35¢
Nvidia 75¢, AMD 50¢, Intel 35¢. The order is the pecking order. Intel is now the bottom of the three companies it once towered over. The foundry pivot is designed to change this — but it'll take years.
Source · 10-K · Nvidia FY2026 10-K (filed 2026-02-26); AMD FY2025 10-K (filed 2026-02-04); Intel FY2025 10-K (filed 2026-01-30) · Updated May 27, 2026
How the moat eroded — and what's being built next
1985-2010
Intel Inside. Intel and Microsoft together define the PC era. Gross margins north of 60%. The moat company in tech.
2017
AMD launches Zen and starts taking server share. Intel's 10nm process slips for years. Manufacturing leadership lost to TSMC.
2021
Pat Gelsinger returns as CEO. Announces Intel Foundry Services — a bet that Intel will manufacture chips for other companies, not just itself.
2024
Dividend cut. Stock collapses 50%. Pat Gelsinger out in December. The bet looks broken.
Mar 2025
Lip-Bu Tan takes over. Slashes capex, cancels expansion projects, reorganizes. The foundry bet continues but with stricter discipline.
Now
Intel 18A in production (Core Ultra Series 3). External foundry customers still being courted. Intel 14A is the next milestone.
Watch
Margin erosion is real. The foundry bet could rebuild a moat — but the bet is in early innings, and 14A node viability is not guaranteed.
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Chapter 3 · MOAT
The Eroded Moat
you now read: pricing power
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Then
Chapter 5 · BEHIND THE NUMBERS
The Story Behind the Numbers
Chapter 6 · RISK
What Could Break the Brief